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[Utility & Helpers](/categories/utility) 4. / 5. galaxon/math ActiveLibrary[Utility & Helpers](/categories/utility) galaxon/math ============ PHP classes for Complex and Rational number arithmetic, plus Vector and Matrix operations. v1.2.0(1mo ago)11MITPHPPHP ^8.4 Since Dec 9Pushed 1mo agoCompare [ Source](https://github.com/mossy2100/Galaxon-PHP-Math)[ Packagist](https://packagist.org/packages/galaxon/math)[ Docs](https://github.com/mossy2100/Galaxon-PHP-Math)[ RSS](/packages/galaxon-math/feed)WikiDiscussions main Synced 1mo ago READMEChangelogDependencies (12)Versions (5)Used By (0) Galaxon PHP Math ================ [](#galaxon-php-math) Provides classes for Complex numbers, Rational numbers, Vectors, and Matrices. **[License](LICENSE)** | **[Changelog](CHANGELOG.md)** | **[Documentation](docs/)** [![PHP 8.4](docs/logo_php8_4.png)](docs/logo_php8_4.png) --- Description ----------- [](#description) This package provides classes for working with complex numbers, rational numbers, vectors, and matrices in PHP. **Key Features:** - **Complex numbers** - Full support for complex arithmetic, trigonometry, transcendental functions, and polar/rectangular conversions - **Rational numbers** - Exact fraction arithmetic using integer ratios, automatic simplification, and overflow detection - **Vectors** - Element-wise arithmetic, dot and cross products, and array-style access - **Matrices** - Matrix arithmetic, inverse, determinant, transpose, power, and matrix-vector multiplication - **Type flexibility** - Methods accept int, float, string, or the respective class type - **Comprehensive testing** - 100% code coverage with extensive test suites --- Development and Quality Assurance / AI Disclosure ------------------------------------------------- [](#development-and-quality-assurance--ai-disclosure) [Claude Chat](https://claude.ai) and [Claude Code](https://www.claude.com/product/claude-code) were used in the development of this package. The core classes were designed, coded, and commented primarily by the author, with Claude providing substantial assistance with code review, suggesting improvements, debugging, and generating tests and documentation. All code was thoroughly reviewed by the author, and validated using industry-standard tools including [PHP\_Codesniffer](https://github.com/PHPCSStandards/PHP_CodeSniffer/), [PHPStan](https://phpstan.org/) (to level 9), and [PHPUnit](https://phpunit.de/index.html) to ensure full compliance with [PSR-12](https://www.php-fig.org/psr/psr-12/) coding standards and comprehensive unit testing with 100% code coverage. This collaborative approach resulted in a high-quality, thoroughly-tested, and well-documented package delivered in significantly less time than traditional development methods. [![Code Coverage](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/32855e94577df9d0a30995653b17d33a5fbfdf644518f96ea0374313397d19b7/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f636f7665726167652d3130302532352d627269676874677265656e)](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/32855e94577df9d0a30995653b17d33a5fbfdf644518f96ea0374313397d19b7/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f636f7665726167652d3130302532352d627269676874677265656e) --- Requirements ------------ [](#requirements) - PHP ^8.4 - galaxon/core --- Installation ------------ [](#installation) ``` composer require galaxon/math ``` --- Classes ------- [](#classes) ### [Complex](docs/Complex.md) [](#complex) Immutable class for complex numbers (a + bi) with support for: - Basic arithmetic operations (add, subtract, multiply, divide) - Transcendental functions (exp, ln, log, pow, roots) - Trigonometric and hyperbolic functions (sin, cos, tan, asin, acos, atan) - Polar and rectangular form conversions - Epsilon-based equality comparison - String parsing and formatting ### [Rational](docs/Rational.md) [](#rational) Immutable class for rational numbers (p/q) with support for: - Exact arithmetic using integer ratios (no floating-point errors) - Automatic reduction to simplest form (e.g., 6/8 → 3/4) - Conversion to/from floats using continued fractions - Overflow-safe integer operations - Comparison operations with mixed types - String parsing and formatting ### [Vector](docs/Vector.md) [](#vector) Mutable numeric vector with support for: - Element-wise arithmetic (add, subtract, scalar multiply, scalar divide) - Dot product and cross product operations - Exact and approximate equality comparison - Conversion to arrays and matrices - Array-style element access via the `ArrayAccess` interface - String representation using box-drawing characters ### [Matrix](docs/Matrix.md) [](#matrix) Mutable two-dimensional matrix with support for: - Matrix arithmetic (add, subtract, multiply, divide) - Matrix-vector multiplication using column vector convention - Transpose, determinant, and inverse operations - Matrix power with binary exponentiation (including negative powers) - Row-level `ArrayAccess` interface (get/set rows as Vectors) - String representation using box-drawing characters --- Testing ------- [](#testing) The library includes comprehensive test coverage: ``` # Run all tests vendor/bin/phpunit # Run tests for specific class vendor/bin/phpunit tests/Complex vendor/bin/phpunit tests/Rational vendor/bin/phpunit tests/Vector vendor/bin/phpunit tests/Matrix # Run with coverage (generates HTML report and clover.xml) composer test ``` --- License ------- [](#license) MIT License - see [LICENSE](LICENSE) for details --- Support ------- [](#support) - **Issues**: - **Documentation**: See [docs/](docs/) directory for detailed class documentation - **Examples**: See test files for comprehensive usage examples For questions or suggestions, please [open an issue](https://github.com/mossy2100/Galaxon-PHP-Math/issues). --- Changelog --------- [](#changelog) See [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) for version history and changes. ### Health Score 41 — FairBetter than 89% of packages Maintenance90 Actively maintained with recent releases Popularity3 Limited adoption so far Community6 Small or concentrated contributor base Maturity55 Maturing project, gaining track record Bus Factor1 Top contributor holds 100% of commits — single point of failure How is this calculated?**Maintenance (25%)** — Last commit recency, latest release date, and issue-to-star ratio. Uses a 2-year decay window. **Popularity (30%)** — Total and monthly downloads, GitHub stars, and forks. Logarithmic scaling prevents top-heavy scores. **Community (15%)** — Contributors, dependents, forks, watchers, and maintainers. Measures real ecosystem engagement. **Maturity (30%)** — Project age, version count, PHP version support, and release stability. ### Release Activity Cadence Every ~37 days Total 4 Last Release 49d ago Major Versions 0.2.0 → v1.0.02026-01-05 ### Community Maintainers ![](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/6f9cd1bb5c1b12882db4cb82161c1b5a22e1ccbad8845a54a6ae591647e88c07?d=identicon)[mossy2100](/maintainers/mossy2100) --- Top Contributors [![mossy2100](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/371497?v=4)](https://github.com/mossy2100 "mossy2100 (51 commits)") --- Tags phpcomplexvectormatrixmatharithmeticrationaltrigonometryfraction ### Code Quality TestsPHPUnit Static AnalysisPHPStan Code StylePHP\_CodeSniffer Type Coverage Yes ### Embed Badge ![Health badge](/badges/galaxon-math/health.svg) ``` [![Health](https://phpackages.com/badges/galaxon-math/health.svg)](https://phpackages.com/packages/galaxon-math) ``` ### Alternatives [rubix/tensor A library and extension that provides objects for scientific computing in PHP. 2751.4M5](/packages/rubix-tensor)[brick/math Arbitrary-precision arithmetic library 2.1k504.0M277](/packages/brick-math)[markrogoyski/math-php Math Library for PHP. 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