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[Utility & Helpers](/categories/utility) 4. / 5. fast-forward/defer ActiveLibrary[Utility & Helpers](/categories/utility) fast-forward/defer ================== Fast Forward Deferred Callbacks utility classes v1.0.0(4mo ago)03312MITPHPPHP ^8.3CI passing Since Mar 26Pushed 4mo agoCompare [ Source](https://github.com/php-fast-forward/defer)[ Packagist](https://packagist.org/packages/fast-forward/defer)[ Docs](https://github.com/php-fast-forward/defer)[ RSS](/packages/fast-forward-defer/feed)WikiDiscussions main Synced 4w ago READMEChangelog (1)Dependencies (4)Versions (2)Used By (2) FastForward Defer ================= [](#fastforward-defer) [![PHP Version](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/c9b19f1cbf8aefb8c278c8b5d392b64401164a08fced6ccbf376b32135d6714f/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f7068702d253545382e332d3737374242343f6c6f676f3d706870266c6f676f436f6c6f723d7768697465)](https://www.php.net/releases/)[![Composer Package](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/1e3852be788381bbfc13fee7f6eb94afca6f683257843c8a7af68ba17c2fb904/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f636f6d706f7365722d666173742d2d666f727761726425324664656665722d4632384431412e7376673f6c6f676f3d636f6d706f736572266c6f676f436f6c6f723d7768697465)](https://packagist.org/packages/fast-forward/defer)[![Tests](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/ebb999aaf73b14074d62eabb2655a9add277bafeff9c174afb8ec6fc51278c0d/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f616374696f6e732f776f726b666c6f772f7374617475732f7068702d666173742d666f72776172642f64656665722f74657374732e796d6c3f6c6f676f3d676974687562616374696f6e73266c6f676f436f6c6f723d7768697465266c6162656c3d746573747326636f6c6f723d323243353545)](https://github.com/php-fast-forward/defer/actions/workflows/tests.yml)[![Coverage](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/783041b70aa9cfca2a0969ddc49e11178a3367b14165ef787853fdc3075f43b3/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f62616467652f636f7665726167652d706870756e69742d3441444538303f6c6f676f3d706870266c6f676f436f6c6f723d7768697465)](https://php-fast-forward.github.io/defer/coverage/index.html)[![Docs](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/8151276be4e7d9789089a03b7c76b3357572de7c66501cdf84d94b7a959e9098/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f6465706c6f796d656e74732f7068702d666173742d666f72776172642f64656665722f6769746875622d70616765733f6c6f676f3d72656164746865646f6373266c6f676f436f6c6f723d7768697465266c6162656c3d646f6373266c6162656c436f6c6f723d31453239334226636f6c6f723d333842444638267374796c653d666c6174)](https://php-fast-forward.github.io/defer/index.html)[![License](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/b6ddeb8d82aacc6a041cc73acbcf50789dde6b0bac8b07f1df32db9d5eb6c130/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f6c6963656e73652f7068702d666173742d666f72776172642f64656665723f636f6c6f723d363437343842)](LICENSE)[![GitHub Sponsors](https://camo.githubusercontent.com/d61f432861a7c60e0a9620738dffd3b884bcf392c86e48a2cc87ea57a077e90a/68747470733a2f2f696d672e736869656c64732e696f2f6769746875622f73706f6e736f72732f7068702d666173742d666f72776172643f6c6f676f3d67697468756273706f6e736f7273266c6f676f436f6c6f723d776869746526636f6c6f723d454334383939)](https://github.com/sponsors/php-fast-forward) A minimal utility that brings **defer-style execution** (similar to Go) to PHP using object scope and destructors. It allows you to register callbacks that will run **automatically at the end of a scope**, in **LIFO order (Last-In, First-Out)**. --- Core Concept ------------ [](#core-concept) A Defer instance represents a **scope-bound execution stack**. - Register callbacks using $defer(...) or $defer->defer(...) - Callbacks execute automatically when the object goes out of scope - Execution is always **LIFO (stack behavior)** - Execution is **guaranteed during exception unwinding** - Errors inside callbacks are **captured and reported**, without interrupting the chain --- Basic Usage ----------- [](#basic-usage) ``` use FastForward\Defer\Defer; function example(): void { $defer = new Defer(); $defer(function () { echo "First defer\n"; }); $defer(function () { echo "Second defer\n"; }); echo "Inside function\n"; } example(); ``` ### Output [](#output) ``` Inside function Second defer First defer ``` --- Using Arguments --------------- [](#using-arguments) Deferred callbacks receive exactly the arguments you pass. ``` function example(): void { $defer = new Defer(); $defer(function ($file) { echo "Deleting {$file}\n"; }, 'temp.txt'); echo "Working...\n"; } example(); ``` ### Output [](#output-1) ``` Working... Deleting temp.txt ``` --- ⚠️ Execution Order Matters -------------------------- [](#️-execution-order-matters) Deferred callbacks execute in **reverse order of registration**. ``` $defer(fn() => unlink($file)); $defer(fn() => fclose($handle)); ``` Execution order: ``` fclose($handle) unlink($file) ``` Always register in **reverse of the desired execution order**. --- Exception Safety ---------------- [](#exception-safety) Deferred callbacks always run, even if an exception occurs. ``` function process(): void { $defer = new Defer(); $defer(fn() => print "Cleanup\n"); throw new Exception('Failure'); } try { process(); } catch (Exception) { echo "Exception caught\n"; } ``` ### Output [](#output-2) ``` Cleanup Exception caught ``` --- Nested Scopes ------------- [](#nested-scopes) Each Defer instance is isolated. ``` function outer(): void { $defer = new Defer(); $defer(fn() => print "Outer cleanup\n"); inner(); } function inner(): void { $defer = new Defer(); $defer(fn() => print "Inner cleanup\n"); } outer(); ``` ### Output [](#output-3) ``` Inner cleanup Outer cleanup ``` --- Helper Functions ---------------- [](#helper-functions) ### defer() [](#defer) Creates a new Defer instance. ``` Inside function Second defer First defer0 ``` --- ### scope() [](#scope) Runs a block with an isolated defer scope. ``` use function FastForward\Defer\scope; scope(function ($defer) { $defer(fn() => print "Cleanup\n"); echo "Inside\n"; }); ``` --- ### using() [](#using) Structured resource management (acquire → use → cleanup). ``` Inside function Second defer First defer2 ``` --- Error Handling -------------- [](#error-handling) Deferred callbacks **never break execution flow**. - If a callback throws, execution continues - Errors are forwarded to an ErrorReporter - Default behavior uses error\_log() --- ### Custom Error Reporter [](#custom-error-reporter) ``` Inside function Second defer First defer3 ``` --- ### Composite Reporter [](#composite-reporter) ``` Inside function Second defer First defer4 ``` --- PSR Integration --------------- [](#psr-integration) ### PSR-3 Logger [](#psr-3-logger) ``` use FastForward\Defer\ErrorReporter\PsrLoggerErrorReporter; Defer::setErrorReporter( new PsrLoggerErrorReporter($logger) ); ``` --- ### PSR-14 Event Dispatcher [](#psr-14-event-dispatcher) ``` Inside function Second defer First defer6 ``` This allows multiple listeners (logging, metrics, tracing, etc.). --- HTTP Middleware (PSR-15) ------------------------ [](#http-middleware-psr-15) You can bind a Defer instance to a request lifecycle. ``` Inside function Second defer First defer7 ``` The middleware: - creates a Defer per request - injects it into request attributes - ensures execution at the end of the request --- ### Accessing Defer in Handlers [](#accessing-defer-in-handlers) ``` use FastForward\Defer\DeferInterface; $defer = $request->getAttribute(DeferInterface::class); $defer(fn() => cleanup()); ``` --- Execution Model --------------- [](#execution-model) ### Within a single scope [](#within-a-single-scope) - Last registered → runs first ### Across nested scopes [](#across-nested-scopes) - Inner scope resolves before outer --- Design Principles ----------------- [](#design-principles) - **Deterministic cleanup** - **Minimal API** - **No manual flush** - **Failure isolation** - **Extensible reporting** --- Notes ----- [](#notes) - Execution is triggered by \_\_destruct() - Do not share instances across scopes - Prefer short-lived instances - Avoid long-lived/global usage --- When to Use ----------- [](#when-to-use) - resource cleanup - file handling - locks - temporary state - exception-safe teardown --- When NOT to Use --------------- [](#when-not-to-use) - long-lived lifecycle management - orchestration logic - cases requiring explicit execution timing --- Summary ------- [](#summary) Defer provides a strict and predictable cleanup model: - automatic execution at scope end - LIFO ordering - safe failure handling - pluggable reporting - PSR-friendly integrations It is intentionally **small, deterministic, and constrained**. ### Health Score 40 — FairBetter than 86% of packages Maintenance77 Regular maintenance activity Popularity12 Limited adoption so far Community13 Small or concentrated contributor base Maturity49 Maturing project, gaining track record Bus Factor1 Top contributor holds 92.9% of commits — single point of failure How is this calculated?**Maintenance (25%)** — Last commit recency, latest release date, and issue-to-star ratio. Uses a 2-year decay window. **Popularity (30%)** — Total and monthly downloads, GitHub stars, and forks. Logarithmic scaling prevents top-heavy scores. **Community (15%)** — Contributors, dependents, forks, watchers, and maintainers. Measures real ecosystem engagement. **Maturity (30%)** — Project age, version count, PHP version support, and release stability. ### Release Activity Cadence Unknown Total 1 Last Release 135d ago ### Community Maintainers ![](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/bb658791d4db57e57ac164a268f94340ddff4d1ee0aad1358d4593847051a9fe?d=identicon)[coisa](/maintainers/coisa) --- Top Contributors [![coisa](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/426835?v=4)](https://github.com/coisa "coisa (13 commits)")[![github-actions[bot]](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/in/15368?v=4)](https://github.com/github-actions[bot] "github-actions[bot] (1 commits)") --- Tags deferdeferredphpphp-helperphp-librarypsr-15psr-3 ### Embed Badge ![Health badge](/badges/fast-forward-defer/health.svg) ``` [![Health](https://phpackages.com/badges/fast-forward-defer/health.svg)](https://phpackages.com/packages/fast-forward-defer) ``` ### Alternatives [mcp/sdk Model Context Protocol SDK for Client and Server applications in PHP 1.6k2.2M128](/packages/mcp-sdk)[jaxon-php/jaxon-core Jaxon is an open source PHP library for easily creating Ajax web applications 73151.3k35](/packages/jaxon-php-jaxon-core)[flarum/core Delightfully simple forum software. 211.5M2.5k](/packages/flarum-core)[xima/xima-typo3-frontend-edit Frontend Edit - This extension provides an edit button for editors within frontend content elements. 1615.6k](/packages/xima-xima-typo3-frontend-edit)[eliashaeussler/typo3-solver Solver - Extends TYPO3's exception handling with AI generated solutions. 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