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aymdev/fregata
==============

Database migration framework allowing data migration between different DBMS or database structures.

v1.1.0(4y ago)24189↓100%2[3 issues](https://github.com/AymDev/Fregata/issues)MITPHPPHP &gt;=7.4

Since May 21Pushed 4y ago2 watchersCompare

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Fregata - PHP database migrator
===============================

[](#fregata---php-database-migrator)

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**Fregata** is a data migration framework. You can use it to migrate any kind of data, but it has features to help you migrate between different DBMS or database structures.

**Documentation**:

1. [Introduction](#introduction)
2. [Setup](#setup)
    1. [Installation](#installation)
    2. [Configuration](#configuration)
        1. [Kernel and service container](#kernel-and-service-container)
        2. [YAML configuration](#yaml-configuration)
3. [Components](#components)
    1. [Migration Registry](#migration-registry)
    2. [Migration](#migration)
        1. [Options](#options)
        2. [Parent migration](#parent-migration)
    3. [Task](#task)
    4. [Migrator](#migrator)
        1. [Puller](#puller)
        2. [Pusher](#pusher)
        3. [Executor](#executor)
4. [Tools](#tools)
    1. [Migration Context](#migration-context)
5. [Features](#features)
    1. [Dependent migrators](#dependent-migrators)
    2. [Batch pulling](#batch-pulling)
    3. [Foreign Key migrations](#foreign-key-migrations)
6. [CLI usage](#cli-usage)
    1. [List migrations](#list-migrations)
    2. [Get details of a migration](#get-details-of-a-migration)
    3. [Execute a migration](#execute-a-migration)
7. [Contributing](#contributing)

Introduction
============

[](#introduction)

**Fregata** is a data migration framework. It can probably be compared to an *ETL (Extract Transform - Load)* tool.

You can use it to migrate data from files, databases, or anything you want, it is completely agnostic on this part (some of its test migrate data between PHP arrays). But note that it was initially targeting databases, providing a way to migrate data between different DBMS, even with a different structure. Some included features are specifically built for databases.

> Why creating a framework for data migration ?

While database migrations might not be your everyday task, I encountered it multiple times on different projects. That's why I created **Fregata** to have a migration workflow I could reuse.

> What are the use cases ?

Here are some example use cases (from experience):

- when you want to change from a DBMS to another
- when you want to sync your staging database with the production one (useful for CMS-based projects)

Setup
=====

[](#setup)

Installation
------------

[](#installation)

Install with Composer:

```
composer require aymdev/fregata
```

Configuration
-------------

[](#configuration)

**Fregata** expects you to have a `config` and a `cache` directory at your project root by default.

### Kernel and service container

[](#kernel-and-service-container)

If you need to use a different directory structure than the default one, you can extend the `Fregata\Configuration\AbstractFregataKernel` class. Then you will have to implement methods to specify your configuration and cache directory.

> **Important**: your kernel full qualified class name ***must*** be `App\FregataKernel`.

The *kernel* holds a *service container*, built from **Symfony**'s **DependencyInjection** component. This means you can define your own services as you would do it in a **Symfony** application, in a `services.yaml` file in your configuration directory.

Here's a recommended minimal **services.yaml** to start your project:

```
services:
    _defaults:
        autowire: true

    App\:
        resource: '../src/'
```

### YAML configuration

[](#yaml-configuration)

To configure **Fregata** itself, you will need a `fregata.yaml` file in your configuration directory.

Example configuration file:

```
fregata:
    migrations:
        # define any name for your migration
        main_migration:
            # define custom options for your migrations
            options:
                custom_opt: 'opt_value'
                special_cfg:
                    foo: bar
            # load migrators from a directory
            # use the %fregata.root_dir% parameter to define a relative path from the project root
            migrators_directory: '%fregata.root_dir%/src/MainMigration'
            # load individual migrators
            # can be combined with migrators_directory
            migrators:
                - App\MainMigration\FirstMigrator
            # load tasks to execute before or after the migrators
            tasks:
                before:
                    - App\MainMigration\BeforeTask
                after:
                    - App\MainMigration\AfterTask

        other_migration:
            # extend an other migration to inherit its options, tasks and migrators
            parent: main_migration
            # overwrite a part of the options
            options:
                custom_opt: 'another_value'
            # load additional migrators or tasks
            migrators:
                - App\OtherMigration\Migrator
```

Components
==========

[](#components)

Migration Registry
------------------

[](#migration-registry)

The **migration registry** contains every defined migrations. You shouldn't have to interact with it.

Migration
---------

[](#migration)

A **migration** project holds the steps of a migration. For example, data migration from your production database to staging one. Each **migration** is created and saved into the registry based on your configuration. You don't need to instantiate migration objects by yourself.

Migrations contain **tasks** and **migrators**. When a migration is run, components are executed in the following order:

- before tasks
- migrators
- after tasks

### Options

[](#options)

You may need to set specific configuration to your migration project, which could be used by **tasks**or **migrators**. With the `options` key you can define your migration specific configuration, they will be accessible to the components from the [migration context](#migration-context).

### Parent migration

[](#parent-migration)

When having multiple **migrations** for different environments, you probably want to avoid duplicating your whole configuration. You can extend a migration with the `parent` key. The *"child"* migration will inherit the parent's *options*, **tasks** and **migrators**. You can still add more tasks and migrators, and overwrite options.

Task
----

[](#task)

A **task** can be executed *before* or *after* **migrators**. They can be useful to bootstrap your migration (before tasks) or to clean temporary data at the end (after tasks):

```
use Fregata\Migration\TaskInterface;

class MyTask implements TaskInterface
{
    public function execute() : ?string
    {
        // perform some verifications, delete temporary data, ...
        return 'Optional result message';
    }
}
```

Migrator
--------

[](#migrator)

The **migrators** are the main components of the framework. A single migrator holds 3 components:

- a **puller**
- a **pusher**
- an **executor**

It must return its components from getter methods by implementing `Fregata\Migration\Migrator\MigratorInterface`. A **migrator** represents the migration of a data from a **source** to a **target**. For example, migrating data from a *MySQL* table to a *PostgreSQL* one.

### Puller

[](#puller)

A **puller** is a **migrator** component responsible for *pulling data from a source*. It returns data and optionally the number of items to migrate:

```
use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
use Fregata\Migration\Migrator\Component\PullerInterface;

class Puller implements PullerInterface
{
    private Connection $connection;

    public function __construct(Connection $connection)
    {
        $this->connection = $connection;
    }

    public function pull()
    {
        return $this->connection
            ->executeQuery('SELECT * FROM my_table')
            ->fetchAllAssociative();
    }

    public function count() : ?int
    {
        return $this->connection
            ->executeQuery('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM my_table')
            ->fetchColumn();
    }
}
```

### Pusher

[](#pusher)

A **pusher** gets item fetched by the **puller** 1 by 1 and has to *push the data to a target*:

```
use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
use Fregata\Migration\Migrator\Component\PusherInterface;

class Pusher implements PusherInterface
{
    private Connection $connection;

    public function __construct(Connection $connection)
    {
        $this->connection = $connection;
    }

    /**
     * @return int number of items inserted
     */
    public function push($data): int
    {
        return $this->connection->executeStatement(
            'INSERT INTO my_table VALUES (:foo, :bar, :baz)',
            [
                'foo' => $data['foo'],
                'bar' => some_function($data['bar']),
                'baz' => 'default value',
            ]
        );
    }
}
```

Here `$data` is a single item from the example **puller** returned value. The `push()` method is called multiple times. The separation of **pullers** and **pushers** allow you to migrate between different sources: pull from a file and push to a database, etc.

### Executor

[](#executor)

The **executor** is the component which plugs a **puller** with a **pusher**. A default one is provided and should work for most cases: `Fregata\Migration\Migrator\Component\Executor`. Extend the default **executor** if you need a specific behaviour.

Tools
=====

[](#tools)

Migration Context
-----------------

[](#migration-context)

You can get some informations about the current **migration** by injecting the `Fregata\Migration\MigrationContext` service in a **task** or **migration**.

It provides:

- current **migration** object
- current migration **name**
- migration **options**
- **parent** migration name if applicable

Features
========

[](#features)

Dependent migrators
-------------------

[](#dependent-migrators)

If your **migrators** need to be executed in a specific order you can define dependencies, and they will be sorted automatically:

```
use Fregata\Migration\Migrator\DependentMigratorInterface;

class DependentMigrator implements DependentMigratorInterface
{
    public function getDependencies() : array
    {
        return [
            DependencyMigrator::class,
        ];
    }

    // other migrator methods ...
}
```

Here, `DependencyMigrator` will be executed before `DependentMigrator`.

Batch pulling
-------------

[](#batch-pulling)

When a **puller** works with very large datasets you might want to pull the data by chunks:

```
use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
use Fregata\Migration\Migrator\Component\BatchPullerInterface;

class BatchPulling implements BatchPullerInterface
{
    private Connection $connection;
    private ?int $count = null;

    public function __construct(Connection $connection)
    {
        $this->connection = $connection;
    }

    public function pull(): \Generator
    {
        $limit = 50;
        $offset = 0;

        while ($offset < $this->count()) {
            yield $this->connection
                ->executeQuery(sprintf('SELECT * FROM my_table LIMIT %d, %d', $offset, $limit))
                ->fetchAllAssociative();

            $offset += $limit;
        }
    }

    public function count() : ?int
    {
        if (null === $this->count) {
            $this->count = $this->connection
                ->executeQuery('SELECT COUNT(*) FROM my_table')
                ->fetchColumn();
        }

        return $this->count;
    }
}
```

Foreign Key migrations
----------------------

[](#foreign-key-migrations)

One of the most complex parts of a database migration is about **foreign keys**. There are multiple steps to follow to perform a valid foreign key migration. This is done using **Doctrine DBAL**.

You must add 2 tasks to your migration:

- **before** task: `Fregata\Adapter\Doctrine\DBAL\ForeignKey\Task\ForeignKeyBeforeTask`
- **after** task: `Fregata\Adapter\Doctrine\DBAL\ForeignKey\Task\ForeignKeyAfterTask`

The before task will create temporary columns in your target database to keep the original referenced and referencing columns. It may also change referencing columns to allow `NULL` (only if you specify it). The after task will set the real values in your original referencing columns and then drop the temporary columns.

Then the migrators must provide the database connection and the list of foreign keys:

```
use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
use Doctrine\DBAL\Schema\ForeignKeyConstraint;
use Fregata\Adapter\Doctrine\DBAL\ForeignKey\ForeignKey;
use Fregata\Adapter\Doctrine\DBAL\ForeignKey\Migrator\HasForeignKeysInterface;

class ReferencingMigrator implements HasForeignKeysInterface
{
    private Connection $connection;

    public function __construct(Connection $connection)
    {
        $this->connection = $connection;
    }

    public function getConnection() : Connection
    {
        return $this->connection;
    }

    /**
     * List the foreign keys constraints to keep
     * @return ForeignKey[]
     */
    public function getForeignKeys() : array
    {
        $constraints = $this->connection->getSchemaManager()->listTableForeignKeys('my_table');
        return array_map(
            function (ForeignKeyConstraint $constraint) {
                return new ForeignKey(
                    $constraint,            // DBAL constraint object
                    'target_referencing',   // name of the referencing table
                    ['fk']                  // columns to change to allow NULL (will be set back to NOT NULL in the after task)
                );
            },
            $constraints
        );
    }

    // other migrator methods ...
}
```

The migrators are responsible for the data migration, this means you need to fill the temporary columns with original primary/foreign key from the source database. To get the name of a temporary column, require the `CopyColumnHelper` service in your **pusher**:

```
use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
use Fregata\Adapter\Doctrine\DBAL\ForeignKey\CopyColumnHelper;
use Fregata\Migration\Migrator\Component\PusherInterface;

class ReferencingForeignKeyPusher implements PusherInterface
{
    private Connection $connection;
    private CopyColumnHelper $columnHelper;

    public function __construct(Connection $connection, CopyColumnHelper $columnHelper)
    {
        $this->connection = $connection;
        $this->columnHelper = $columnHelper;
    }

    /**
     * @return int number of items inserted
     */
    public function push($data): int
    {
        return $this->connection->executeStatement(
            sprintf(
                'INSERT INTO my_table (column, %s) VALUES (:value, :old_fk)',
                $this->columnHelper->localColumn('my_table', 'fk_column')
            ),
            [
                'value' => $data['value'],
                'old_fk' => $data['fk_column'],
            ]
        );
    }
}
```

This example show the *local* (or *referencing*) side but this need to be done for the *foreign* (or *referenced*) side too, using `CopyColumnHelper::foreignColumn()`.

CLI usage
=========

[](#cli-usage)

**Fregata** provides a simple program to run the migrations, you can launch it with:

```
php vendor/bin/fregata
```

List migrations
---------------

[](#list-migrations)

To list the migrations of your installation, run the `migration:list` command:

```
> php vendor/bin/fregata migration:list

Registered migrations: 2
========================

main_migration
other_migration
```

Get details of a migration
--------------------------

[](#get-details-of-a-migration)

To get information about a single migration, run the `migration:show` command:

```
> php vendor/bin/fregata migration:show main_migration

main_migration : 1 migrators
============================

 --- ---------------------------------
  #   Migrator Name
 --- ---------------------------------
  0   App\MainMigration\FirstMigrator
 --- ---------------------------------
```

Execute a migration
-------------------

[](#execute-a-migration)

And the most important one to run a migration: `migration:execute`.

```
> php vendor/bin/fregata migration:execute main_migration

 Confirm execution of the "main_migration" migration ? (yes/no) [no]:
 > yes

 [OK] Starting "main_migration" migration: 1 migrators

Before tasks: 1
===============

 App\MainMigration\BeforeTask : OK

Migrators: 1
============

0 - Executing "App\MainMigration\FirstMigrator" [3 items] :
===========================================================

 3/3 [▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓] 100%

After tasks: 1
==============

 App\MainMigration\AfterTask : OK

 [OK] Migrated successfully !
```

Contributing
============

[](#contributing)

A **Docker** setup is available, providing a **MySQL 5.7** service.

If you want to test the implementation of the framework (using a **Composer**[path repository](https://getcomposer.org/doc/05-repositories.md#path)), install it in a `_implementation`directory at the root of the project, it is ignored by Git by default and will ensure you are using your implementation autoloader.

###  Health Score

31

—

LowBetter than 70% of packages

Maintenance18

Infrequent updates — may be unmaintained

Popularity24

Limited adoption so far

Community9

Small or concentrated contributor base

Maturity61

Established project with proven stability

 Bus Factor1

Top contributor holds 100% of commits — single point of failure

How is this calculated?**Maintenance (25%)** — Last commit recency, latest release date, and issue-to-star ratio. Uses a 2-year decay window.

**Popularity (30%)** — Total and monthly downloads, GitHub stars, and forks. Logarithmic scaling prevents top-heavy scores.

**Community (15%)** — Contributors, dependents, forks, watchers, and maintainers. Measures real ecosystem engagement.

**Maturity (30%)** — Project age, version count, PHP version support, and release stability.

###  Release Activity

Cadence

Every ~66 days

Recently: every ~75 days

Total

11

Last Release

1473d ago

Major Versions

v0.3.2 → 1.0.x-dev2021-05-17

### Community

Maintainers

![](https://www.gravatar.com/avatar/58fe05cbfb0d7e61f369dabfdd2bac390e8e93bfbd4634a9cc6c1e7786efaaf3?d=identicon)[aymdev](/maintainers/aymdev)

---

Top Contributors

[![AymDev](https://avatars.githubusercontent.com/u/22072016?v=4)](https://github.com/AymDev "AymDev (82 commits)")

---

Tags

databasedoctrinehacktoberfestmigrationmigration-frameworkmigration-toolphpphp-database-migratorrelational-databasesqlmigrationdatabasedoctrinesqlmigration-frameworkmigration-tool

###  Code Quality

TestsPHPUnit

Static AnalysisPHPStan

Code StylePHP\_CodeSniffer

Type Coverage Yes

### Embed Badge

![Health badge](/badges/aymdev-fregata/health.svg)

```
[![Health](https://phpackages.com/badges/aymdev-fregata/health.svg)](https://phpackages.com/packages/aymdev-fregata)
```

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